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A recent study revealed a slightly elevated risk of autism spectrum disorder in children born to pregnant individuals exposed to tap water with higher lithium levels. Although this association was identified, it does not establish a direct link between the two.
Autism spectrum disorder affects about 1 in 36 children annually in the US, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While the exact cause of autism remains unknown, genetics and potential environmental factors are under investigation.
Cases of autism may be increasing, but the reasons are unclear. Research indicates rising diagnosis rates, possibly due to improved screening by physicians. Lithium, an alkali metal present in food and groundwater, raised concerns due to its unregulated levels in US drinking water.
A recent study published in JAMA Pediatrics analyzed the connection between lithium levels and autism diagnoses in Denmark, where water compositions resemble those in the US. The research showed a small link between increased lithium exposure during pregnancy and a higher risk of ASD diagnosis in children.
Researchers found that as lithium levels in water rose, so did the risk of ASD diagnosis. It’s crucial to highlight that this study cannot confirm a direct causation effect between lithium exposure and autism diagnoses.
More studies are essential before drawing definitive conclusions, as per Dr. Beate Ritz, a study co-author. The findings suggest a need for intense scrutiny on potential contaminants affecting brain development in humans exposed to drinking water.
While the implications of these findings are complex for public health policy, it’s crucial to note that lithium levels with a potential ASD risk have shown health benefits in other contexts. Replicating this research in various countries is necessary to better understand its implications.
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